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1. 1. HISTORYLIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH Prepared By Major Rabiul Afiz ( retd)
2. 2. PrefaceI made the presentation to give our next generation an understanding of the Historyof Liberation War of Bangladesh. The presentation is designed to let them know thesupreme sacrifice made by the Heroes of the nation, who presented us Bangladesh.This will tell the tale of deprivation, sufferings and unjust happened to millions ofBangladeshis by the Pakistan Government and the price of Freedom Bangladesh hadto pay to earn the independence.I looked for a concise presentation but did not get any , so I attempted to make oneand shared it online so that you may use the same if you wish. I used the samepresentation in our 41st Celebration of Independence Day of Bangladesh at Abuja ,Nigeria on 31 Mar 2012.Sincerely YoursMajor Rabiul Afiz( retd)Staff Security Advisor, UNICEFAbuja, Nigeriarafiz@hotmail.com
3. 3. Genesis of the ProblemBritish rule of India ended in August of 1947.Creating India & Pakistan as Independent country based on religious difference of PopulacePakistan was separated by thousands of miles Indian territory to East and West wing. Both the wings were very different in their Language & Culture, and West dominated the political ways of the country.1952 Language Movement is one bright example, how the Bangalees were supressed
4. 4. Genesis of the Problem• Though majority in populace, Bengalees had very poor representation in Civil Services & Armed forces• Bengalees had No place in Commerce & Industry.• Large Hindu minority populace of East Pakistan was constant source of political irritation to west.• East Pakistan Muslims were regarded as inferior muslims.• Disparity in Allotment of budget.• Disparity in Development of state Such deprivation led Bengalees to demand greaterprovincial autonomy & control over natural resources
5. 5. Disparities East Pakistan vs West Pakistan West Dominated Politically and Received More Budget. Spending on Amount Spending on Amount West Pakistan spent on East Pakistan Year spent on East (in crore West as % of (in crore as % of Total Rupees) Total Rupees) % of Total 36.23 63.77 Population 1950–55 1,129 68.31 524 31.69 1955–60 1,655 75.95 524 24.05 1960–65 3,355 70.5 1,404 29.5 1965–70 5,195 70.82 2,141 29.18 Total 11,334 71.16 4,593 28.84Source: Reports of the Advisory Panels for the Fourth Five Year Plan1970-75, Vol. I, published by the planning commission of Pakistan (Quickreference: crore = 107, or 10 million)
6. 6. 6 Point’s Demand - 19661. Pakistan to be a federation of states with parliamentary system of government;2. Only defence & foreign affairs with federal government;3. Either separate currencies for two wings or one currency for country with its inter-wing flow to be regulated by reserve banks of the two wings;4. Taxes to be levied only by Regional Govt, and a portion to go to federal account;5. Separate accounts to be maintained for foreign currencies earned by each region;6. Eastern wing to have separate militia or paramilitary force
7. 7. Major Events• General Election - 12 Dec 1970, Awami League won 167 out of 313 seats.• President Yahya & Zulfiqur Ali Bhutto, PPP ( West Pak) did not agree Awami League to form Govt.• Scheduled Parliamnetary session was postponed in beginning Mar 1971and BangaBondhu on 7 Mar 1971 gave historical speech and asked people to continue Non Coop movement.
8. 8. Dialogue was ongoing with Yahya buton 25 Mar 1971 Pak Military arrestedShiekh Mujib and launched Attack onunarmed Bangalee’s.
9. 9. Declaration of the War of Independence• Just few minutes before his arrest by Pakistan Army BangaBondhu Declared the War of Independence on night 25/26 Mar 1971 by a written statement .• Later Maj Ziaur Rahman also Declared the War of Independence through Radio( Kalurghat Radio Station, Chittagong) on 26 and 27 Mar 1971.
10. 10. Marks of Tank Shell at Dhaka University Hall
11. 11. Forming of Provisional Govt of Bangladesh• On 17 Apr 1971 the provisional Govt of Bangladesh was formed at Boiddonath Tola, Meherpur , Kustia.( Renamed as Mujib Nagar)• President, Vice President , Prime Minister and other Minsters were announced• The overall Commander in Chief of Bangladesh Forces was announced
12. 12. The leader of Liberation War Bangabondhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1st President of Bangladesh
13. 13. Leader’s of Liberation War• Syed nazrul Islam, 1st Vice president/Acting President• Mr Tajuddin Ahmed,1st Prime Minister• Capt( retd) Monsur Ali, Finacne Minister• AHM Kamruzzaman, Home relief & Rehabilation Minister
14. 14. Supreme Military Command Bangladesh Liberation Force MA G Osmani Commander in Chief ,Gp Capt A K Khandker Lt Col Abdur Rob. ChiefDy C in C & Chief Air Force of Army Staff
15. 15. Mukti Bahini• Regular Force (Niomita Bahini) : – East Bengal Regiment and EPR troops. – Police, Navy and Airforce• Irregulars Force(Gono Bahini) – students, peasants, workers and political activists, elders, youths and women of Bangladesh from all walks of Life
16. 16. Besides Mukti Bahini• Kader Bahini of Tangail,• Latif Mirza Bahini of Sirajganj,• Akbar Hossain Bahini of Jhinaidah,• Hemayet Bahini of Faridpur,• Quddus Molla and Gafur Bahini of Barisal,• Afsar Bahini, Aftab Bahini of Mymensingh• Crack platoon ,by youth of Dhaka City• Siraj Sikdar, Sorbohara Party, in Barisal.• Mujib Bahini was organised by Student League leaders with the active support by India.
17. 17. Sectors ofWar of Liberation• Total 11 sector where the country was divided into 10 sector and the Naval Commando operating in the water ways which was known as Sector 10• Over 1,00,000 fighters comprising regular and Irregular soldiers fought against Pak Army
18. 18. Sector Commanders Maj Ziaur rahman, Capt Rafiqul Islam, Maj Khaled Musarraf, Sec Comd - 1 Sec Comd - 1 Sec Comd - 2 Maj C R Dutta,Maj A T M Hyder, Maj K M Safiullah, Maj A N M Nuruzzaman Sec Comd - 4Sec Comd - 2 Sec Comd - 3 Sec Comd - 3
19. 19. Sector CommandersMaj Mir Shawkat Ali Maj Kazi Nuruzzaman Maj Nazmul Haq W Cmd K Basahr,Sec Comd 5 Sec Comd 7 Sec Comd 7 Sec Comd - 6 Maj Abu Osman Maj MA Manzur Maj MA Jalil Maj Abu Taher Sec Comd 8 Sec Comd 8 Sec Comd 9 Sec Comd 11
20. 20. Bangladesh Liberation Forces• Bangladesh Air Force was organised by Air Commodore A K Khondaker, was created in Dimapur of Nagaland on 28 September 1971• Bangladesh Navy On 9 November 1971, the first naval fleet Bangabandhu Naubohar consisting of six small ships was inaugurated.
21. 21. The world against Pakistan
22. 22. From the beginning of Fighting India provided whole heartedsupport to the suppressed, tortured suffered nation :  10 Million Bangladeshis took Refuge at bordering India, provided with shelter and support The Indian Army /BSF provided logistics , training & guidance to the Mukti Bahini.  21 Nov 1971 Joint forces (Bangladesh & Indian Army) formed. 04 Dec 1971 the Joint forces launched the “Operation Lightning Campaign” and only in 12 days Pak Army surrendered 06 Dec 1971 , India recognized Bangladesh as a sovereign Country .
23. 23. Final ThrustAllied Forces Launched a ThreeProng Attack ( north, east andwest) with Mukti Bahini( Bangladesh Liberation Force)on 4 Dec 1971.Different Parts of the countrywere liberated at different dates .The Pakistani Force surrenderedon 16 Dec 1971 and signed theInstrument of surrender.16 Dec 1971 is the Victory Day ofBangladesh
24. 24. Procession led by poet Sufia Kamal
25. 25. Signing of Instrument of Surrender 16 Dec 1971
26. 26. Victory Day 16 Dec 1971 Bangladesh become the 139th country in the worldBangladesh become 139th country in the world
27. 27. UGLY FACES OF RAZAKAR/ COLLABORATOR’S
28. 28. The green represents the greenery of Bangladesh whileRed circle stands rising sun & blood of Martyrs during liberationwar
29. 29. The green represents the greenery of Bangladesh whileRed circle stands rising sun & blood of Martyrs during liberationwar
30. 30. Gallantry Awards During Liberation War 1971Medal Gallantry Award Total No Bir Shrestho 7 Bir Uttom 68 Bir Bikrom 175 Bir Protik 426
31. 31. National MemorialDuring the war more than 3 million Lives were lost, more than2,00,000 women were tortured and molested by the PakistaniForeces and at least 3,00,000 children died at the refugeecamps due to malnutrition and diseases.We must show our respect to them by visiting the NationalMwmorial at Savar, Dhaka

1. 32. Thank YouLong Live Bangladesh......

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